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Data source: NOAA Hemispheric Power Index
Alerts based on overall geomagnetic activity. Works regardless of location.
0
9
Triggers when Kp ≥ or HPI ≥ 50
Alerts when Kp reaches your threshold. Higher values (5+) extend visibility to lower latitudes.
0
9
Triggers when Kp ≥
Alerts when NOAA issues official storm warnings (G1-G5 scale).
Scale: G1 (Kp 5) → G5 (Kp 9)
Intelligent alerts that consider your viewing location, Kp thresholds, and cloud cover. Only notifies when conditions are actually favorable for viewing.
Selected: (Requires Kp +)
🧠 How Smart Alerts Work:
- Checks location-specific Kp threshold automatically
- Considers current cloud cover (won't alert if >70% cloudy)
- Only alerts during good viewing hours (10 PM - 2 AM Alaska Time)
- Includes forecast improvements (alerts if conditions improving soon)
- Prevents duplicate alerts (30-minute cooldown)
Current Status:
Kp Index: ✓ Above threshold ⚠ Below threshold
Required Kp: +
Cloud Cover: ✓ Clear ⚠ Some clouds ✗ Too cloudy
How You'll Receive Alerts
PWA Mode (Installed App): When you install this app to your home screen, alerts are delivered via Service Worker notifications. These work even when the app is closed, providing background alerts without keeping the browser open. Notifications include vibration and can appear even when your device is locked.
Web Browser Mode: When using the app in a regular browser tab, alerts use standard browser notifications. These require the browser tab to be open (or running in the background) and may not work when the browser is completely closed. For best results, install the app as a PWA.
Note: Both modes require notification permission. You'll be prompted to allow notifications when you first enable an alert type. You can manage notification permissions in your browser or device settings.
Status:
© Northern Lights Alaska (NLAK). All rights reserved.
Data provided by NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
Forecast Legend
Learn how to interpret the aurora forecast maps and understand what the colors and patterns mean for your viewing location.
Color Intensity Chart
Dark Green
Weak Activity
Green
Moderate Activity
Yellow
Strong Activity
Orange/Red
Very Strong Activity
The colors on the forecast maps show how strong the aurora will be. Think of it like a weather map for northern lights: Dark Green means weak aurora, Green means moderate, Yellow means strong, and Orange/Red means very strong aurora activity. Brighter colors mean you're more likely to see the northern lights!
How to Read the Aurora Forecast Maps
- What the Colors Mean: The maps show where you're likely to see the northern lights. Brighter colors mean stronger aurora activity in that area.
- Aurora Strength: The color brightness tells you how intense the aurora will be. Think of it like a brightness dial—darker colors mean dimmer aurora, brighter colors mean you'll see more spectacular displays.
- Time Windows: The map is divided into pie-slice sections, each showing a 4-hour period. This helps you know when the aurora will be strongest in your area throughout the night.
- Fresh Updates: These forecast maps are updated every 30 minutes with the latest information from NOAA, so you always have current predictions.
- Northern and Southern Views: You can view forecasts for both the Northern Hemisphere (where Alaska is) and the Southern Hemisphere.
- Activity Level: The HPI number shows the overall aurora activity level. Higher numbers mean more aurora energy is happening, which usually means better viewing conditions.
Alaska-Specific Viewing Tips
Fairbanks & Interior: Typically visible with Kp 0-2. Look for green areas covering Alaska on the map.
Anchorage & South Central: Usually need Kp 5+ for reliable viewing. Orange/red areas over Alaska indicate good conditions.
Southeast Alaska: Requires Kp 6+ for visibility. Strong activity (red/purple) needed for these lower latitude locations.
North Slope: Can see aurora even at very low Kp values. Any green on the map usually means visible aurora.
Best viewing times: 10 PM - 2 AM Alaska Time, especially during winter months
These maps show the geographic range where aurora is visible at different Kp index levels. Higher Kp values mean aurora is visible further south and with greater intensity.
Kp = 3 Quiet Aurora
Kp Value: Kp = 3 (Range 0 to 9)
NOAA G-Scale: G0 (Range 0 to 5)
Aurora is visible in a relatively narrow ring around the North Pole, covering northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Iceland, and parts of northern Scandinavia and Russia.
Kp = 5 Moderate Aurora
Kp Value: Kp = 5 (Range 0 to 9)
NOAA G-Scale: G1 (Range 0 to 5)
The aurora ring is wider and more intense, reaching farther south into the northernmost contiguous United States.
Kp = 7 Active Aurora
Kp Value: Kp = 7 (Range 0 to 9)
NOAA G-Scale: G3 (Range 0 to 5)
The aurora ring is significantly wider and predominantly red, extending deep into the continental United States.
Kp = 9 Very Active Aurora
Kp Value: Kp = 9 (Range 0 to 9)
NOAA G-Scale: G5 (Range 0 to 5)
The aurora's visibility extends to very low latitudes, potentially reaching states as far south as Oregon, Idaho, Nebraska, and New York.
NOAA Aurora Forecast - Shows where and how strong the northern lights will be.
The colors tell you the aurora strength:
- Dark green = weak aurora (might be hard to see)
- Green = moderate aurora (good viewing)
- Yellow = strong aurora (great viewing)
- Orange/red = very strong aurora (spectacular display!)
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Animation built with NOAA's OVATION auroral forecast archive. Use the speed control to adjust playback rate. Frames automatically advance using an HTML5 canvas renderer.
NOAA Aurora Forecast - Shows where and how strong the northern lights will be.
The colors tell you the aurora strength:
- Dark green = weak aurora (might be hard to see)
- Green = moderate aurora (good viewing)
- Yellow = strong aurora (great viewing)
- Orange/red = very strong aurora (spectacular display!)
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These HTML5 animations replay the NOAA southern hemisphere OVATION frames so you can compare polar views without leaving the dashboard.
Tonight's Static Viewline Forecast - Shows predicted aurora viewing conditions for tonight
This forecast map displays the expected aurora visibility and intensity for the current night, helping you plan your viewing session.
Kp Index Scale
Kp 8-9: Very Strong (Excellent viewing)
Kp 7: Strong (Excellent viewing)
Kp 5-6: Moderate (Good viewing)
Kp 3-4: Weak (Possible viewing)
Kp 0-2: Very Weak (Unlikely)
Tomorrow Night's Static Viewline Forecast - Shows predicted aurora viewing conditions for tomorrow night
Plan ahead with this forecast map displaying expected aurora visibility and intensity for tomorrow night, helping you prepare for your next viewing opportunity.
Kp Index Scale
Kp 8-9: Very Strong (Excellent viewing)
Kp 7: Strong (Excellent viewing)
Kp 5-6: Moderate (Good viewing)
Kp 3-4: Weak (Possible viewing)
Kp 0-2: Very Weak (Unlikely)
Active Space Weather Alerts
No Active Alerts
There are currently no active space weather alerts.
Recent CME Events
No Recent CME Events
No coronal mass ejections detected in the last 7 days.
Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
CME Type uses the SCORE Scale: S (Slow <500 km/s), C (Common 500-999 km/s), O (Occasional 1000-1999 km/s), R (Rare 2000-2999 km/s), E (Extreme ≥3000 km/s)
Current Solar Conditions
Radio Blackouts
Learn more about Radio Blackouts
Physical Measure: X-ray flux (M1 = 10⁻⁵, M5 = 5×10⁻⁵, X1 = 10⁻⁴, X10 = 10⁻³, X20 = 2×10⁻³)
Effects: HF radio communication degradation or blackout on sunlit side of Earth. Navigation signal degradation.
Frequency: R1 occurs ~2000 times per solar cycle (950 days), R5 less than 1 per cycle.
Full NOAA Scales ExplanationSolar Radiation
Learn more about Solar Radiation Storms
Physical Measure: Flux of ≥10 MeV particles (S1 = 10, S2 = 10², S3 = 10³, S4 = 10⁴, S5 = 10⁵ particles/cm²·s·sr)
Effects: Radiation hazards for astronauts and high-altitude aircraft. Satellite operations affected. HF radio blackouts in polar regions.
Frequency: S1 occurs ~50 times per cycle, S5 fewer than 1 per cycle.
Full NOAA Scales ExplanationGeomagnetic Storms
Learn more about Geomagnetic Storms
Physical Measure: Kp index (G1 = Kp 5, G2 = Kp 6, G3 = Kp 7, G4 = Kp 8-9-, G5 = Kp 9)
Effects: Power grid fluctuations, satellite operations issues, HF radio propagation problems, aurora visibility at lower latitudes.
Aurora Visibility: G1 (Kp 5) = high latitudes (northern Michigan/Maine), G3 (Kp 7) = Illinois/Oregon, G5 (Kp 9) = Florida/Texas!
Frequency: G1 occurs ~1700 times per cycle (900 days), G5 only 4 times per cycle (4 days).
Full NOAA Scales ExplanationCurrent Flux
Active Solar Regions
Regions with flare potential
Flares and Aurora
M-class and X-class flares can produce coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that reach Earth 1-3 days later, potentially triggering strong geomagnetic storms and spectacular aurora displays. However, not all flares produce CMEs, and CME direction matters—they must be Earth-directed to affect our planet.
X-Ray Flux (24-Hour History)
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Monitor real-time solar wind speed and magnetic field data that directly influence aurora australis and borealis activity for accurate geomagnetic storm forecasting.
Magnetic Field (Bz)
Current:
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Data source: NOAA Solar Wind
Bz Component: A negative Bz (below 0) is favorable for aurora activity. Values below -10 nT typically trigger strong aurora displays.
Solar Wind Speed
Now:
✓ Favorable Range:
400-600 km/s (optimal for aurora viewing)
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Data source: NOAA Solar Wind
Solar Wind Speed: Faster solar wind (above 500 km/s) increases the chance of aurora activity. Current estimated arrival time:
How Solar Activity Creates Aurora
Interplanetary Magnetic Field (Bz)
The Bz component represents the direction of the Sun's magnetic field as it reaches Earth. When Bz turns southward (negative values), it creates an opening in Earth's protective magnetic shield, enabling charged particles from the solar wind to penetrate our atmosphere and generate aurora displays.
Solar Wind Stream
The Sun continuously emits a flow of energized particles known as solar wind. This stream carries the Sun's magnetic field and varies in speed, density, and direction. When these particles interact with Earth's magnetosphere, they can trigger geomagnetic activity that produces visible aurora, with higher wind speeds often leading to more intense displays.
Measurement Timing
Space weather satellites monitor solar wind conditions at the L1 Lagrange point, approximately 1.5 million kilometers sunward from Earth. Since these particles travel at varying speeds, there's a time delay between when we detect changes in the solar wind and when those particles actually reach and affect Earth's magnetic environment.
Cycle
Phase
Activity
Progress
Note: Solar cycles last approximately 11 years. Peak activity periods (around 50% progress) typically produce more frequent and intense aurora displays.
Current Time (Alaska)
Status
Prime Viewing Hours
Tip: Aurora is most active between 10 PM and 2 AM Alaska Time. Plan to arrive at your viewing location 30 minutes before prime time to allow your eyes to adjust to darkness.
Your Location:
Minimum Kp required:
Location-Based Alerts
Get notified when Kp reaches or higher for your location
Kp threshold (min: 0.33)
Visibility
Kp Index
Confidence
Where to Look
Bz Component:
Solar Wind Density:
3-Hour Kp Forecast Breakdown
Like Aurora Alerts app's long-range forecast tab - Kp values broken down in 3-hour increments. This helps you plan when conditions will be best for viewing.
Time Zone: Times shown in Alaska Time (AKST/AKDT) with UTC equivalent. Dates and times are displayed for each forecast period.
Alaska:
UTC:
Note: Forecasts are estimates. Actual Kp may vary. Always check real-time data at SpaceWeatherLive.com before heading out.
Monitor the power and intensity of aurora australis and borealis activity in real-time with our HPI (Hemispheric Power Index) chart for accurate aurora forecasting.
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Data source: NOAA Hemispheric Power Index
Understanding Aurora Power
The Hemispheric Power Index (HPI) measures the total energy input into the Earth's atmosphere in gigawatts (GW). Higher values indicate stronger aurora activity and better visibility. Typically, values above 40 GW can produce visible aurora in high latitude regions.
Power Thresholds
10-20 GW: Weak
20-40 GW: Moderate
40-80 GW: Strong
80+ GW: Very Strong
Last updated:
HPI History Chart
TXT
HPI (Hemispheric Power)
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Level 1 · KP Charts Lab
NOAA · SWPC Archive
Kp Science Briefing Deck
A full-screen, science-grade control surface for every Kp chart we publish. Validate the dataset lineage, then drill into historical holdings grouped by decade—each badge launches the corresponding chart canvas in a new research tab.
Archive Span
Chart-Ready
yrs
RSGA Daily Logs
OVATION + SGAS
NOAA FTP Mirror
Chart.js 4.4 Pipelines
How we assemble the KP chart decks
-
All holdings resolve through
kp-index/history/years.json, preventing brittle, hand-built filenames. - Fetches run with timeout + retry guards and log their timing in dev mode so we can spot latent NOAA mirrors fast.
-
Results cache inside
localStoragefor six hours so field devices stay under 100 KB JS budget.
Core feeds
RSGA · SGAS · DGD (NOAA SWPC)
Daily geomagnetic summaries plus three-hour Kp bins.
Chart runtime
Chart.js 4.4 + Tailwind Scientific preset
Shared options keep tooltips aligned with the main dashboard canvases.
Understanding Kp Index Limitations
Kp is a planetary average, not a local measurement. The Kp (planetary K) index is derived from measurements at 13 geomagnetic observatories worldwide and represents global geomagnetic activity, not conditions at your specific location.
High-latitude Alaska considerations: In auroral-zone regions like Alaska, short-lived but intense aurora "substorms" can occur even when Kp values appear low. The Kp index may miss localized aurora activity. Low Kp values do not guarantee there will be no aurora—aurora may still appear, particularly in northern or remote areas.
Forecast uncertainty: Extended forecasts (27-day outlooks) provide only rough estimates. Solar wind, magnetic field orientation, and transient events fluctuate unpredictably, limiting accuracy beyond a few days—or even hours.
Kp < 5 (Normal)
Kp = 5 (G1)
Kp = 6 (G2)
Kp = 7 (G3)
Kp = 8-9 (G4-G5)
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Data source: NOAA 3-Day Geomagnetic Forecast
Forecast Period:
Note:
Last updated:
Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center | NOAA Dashboard | JSON Data
Kp < 5 (Normal)
Kp = 5 (G1)
Kp = 6 (G2)
Kp = 7 (G3)
Kp = 8-9 (G4-G5)
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Error fetching NOAA data. This may be a connection or NOAA service issue – please retry.
Data source: NOAA 3-Day Forecast & 27-Day Outlook
Forecast Period:
Note: Days 4-7 use longer-range outlook data which is less accurate than the 3-day forecast.
Last updated:
Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center | NOAA Dashboard | JSON Data
Kp < 5 (Normal)
Kp = 5 (G1)
Kp = 6 (G2)
Kp = 7 (G3)
Kp = 8-9 (G4-G5)
Loading 27-day forecast data...
No Data Available
Error fetching NOAA data. This may be a connection or NOAA service issue – please retry.
Data source: NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Outlook
The data: Highlighted in blue are 3-Day Forecast data overlaying the 27-Day Forecast. 3-Day Forecast data are updated daily and provides a more accurate forecast.
Last updated:
Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center | NOAA Dashboard | JSON Data
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Data source: NOAA Daily Geomagnetic Data
The data: We display the most recent observed NOAA Daily Geomagnetic Data.
Last updated:
Source: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center | NOAA Dashboard | JSON Data
Live all-sky camera feeds from the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute. These cameras provide real-time views of the night sky to help you see current aurora activity.
Poker Flat Research Range
Located near Fairbanks, Alaska. This camera provides views of aurora activity in the Interior region.
Auto-refreshes every 15 seconds • Always shows newest image
Toolik Lake Field Station
Located in the Arctic tundra, north of the Brooks Range. This camera provides views of aurora activity in the far north.
Auto-refreshes every 30 seconds
Gakona
Located in the Interior region of Alaska. This camera provides additional coverage of aurora activity.
Auto-refreshes every 30 seconds
Plays a loop of all available tagged images from the Poker Flat directory, similar to the OVATION 24-hour loop. This time-lapse shows the progression of aurora activity captured by the Poker Flat all-sky camera.
Poker Flat Image Sequence
All available tagged images from the Poker Flat directory, played in chronological order.
Loading Poker Flat image sequence…
No recent Poker Flat images available for time-lapse playback.
Click "Play Loop" to load images from the Poker Flat directory.
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Newest
⚠️ Cloud Cover is Critical!
100% cloud cover means no lights will be seen, regardless of Kp index. Always check cloud conditions before heading out. In Fairbanks, you can see aurora even at Kp 0-1 if skies are clear!
Top 3 Current Best Viewing Locations
Auto-updatesAdditional Resources:
- Remember: Apps are often delayed. For real-time data, check SpaceWeatherLive.com directly.
- Search "[Location] Clear Dark Sky" on Google for detailed cloud cover projections.
- In Fairbanks (64.8°N), aurora is visible more frequently - even at Kp 0-1 with clear skies!
- South Central Alaska (Anchorage, Mat-Su) typically needs Kp 5+ for reliable viewing.
5-day weather forecast for top viewing locations. Plan ahead for the best aurora viewing conditions.
Time Zone: All dates and times shown in Alaska Time (AKST/AKDT).
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Data source: Weather forecast data from Open-Meteo. Forecasts are estimates and may vary. Always check current conditions before heading out.
600 km
500 km
400 km
300 km
200 km
100 km
80 km
Ground Level
Red
300-600 km
Green
100-300 km
Blue/Purple
80-200 km
Northern Hemisphere
Aurora Borealis
Southern Hemisphere
Aurora Australis
Understanding Aurora Colors by Altitude
The chart above shows the typical altitude ranges where different aurora colors appear. Red aurora occurs at the highest altitudes (300-600 km) where atomic oxygen is sparse, requiring intense solar activity. Green aurora is most common (100-300 km) where atomic oxygen concentration is higher. Blue/Purple aurora appears at lower altitudes (80-200 km) where molecular nitrogen dominates. The colors overlap because aurora can occur across multiple altitude ranges simultaneously during active periods.
Key Insight: The altitude determines which atmospheric molecules are excited. At high altitudes (300-600 km), sparse atomic oxygen emits red light (630.0 nm). At mid-altitudes (100-300 km), more abundant atomic oxygen emits green light (557.7 nm). At lower altitudes (80-200 km), molecular nitrogen emits blue/purple light (427.8 nm). During intense geomagnetic storms, all three can appear simultaneously, creating spectacular multi-colored displays.
What Makes Aurora Happen?
Even though auroras are best seen at night, they are actually caused by the Sun. The Sun sends us more than heat and light; it sends lots of other energy and small particles our way. The protective magnetic field around Earth shields us from most of the energy and particles, and we don't even notice them.
Solar Storms: The Sun doesn't send the same amount of energy all the time. There is a constant streaming solar wind and there are also solar storms. During one kind of solar storm called a coronal mass ejection, the Sun burps out a huge bubble of electrified gas that can travel through space at high speeds.
Magnetic Field Lines: When a solar storm comes toward us, some of the energy and small particles can travel down the magnetic field lines at the north and south poles into Earth's atmosphere. There, the particles interact with gases in our atmosphere resulting in beautiful displays of light in the sky. Oxygen gives off green and red light. Nitrogen glows blue and purple.
Aurora on Other Planets: Auroras are not just something that happen on Earth. If a planet has an atmosphere and magnetic field, they probably have auroras. We've seen amazing auroras on Jupiter and Saturn!
Red Aurora
Altitude: 300-600 km (186-373 miles)
Scientific Name: Type A Aurora (Atomic Oxygen - 630.0 nm)
Rare, high-altitude aurora. Most visible during intense geomagnetic storms. Often appears as a diffuse red glow above green aurora.
Green Aurora
Altitude: 100-300 km (62-186 miles)
Scientific Name: Type B Aurora (Atomic Oxygen - 557.7 nm)
Most common aurora color. Bright green curtains and bands. This is what most people see and photograph in Alaska.
Blue/Purple Aurora
Altitude: 80-200 km (50-124 miles)
Scientific Name: Type C Aurora (Molecular Nitrogen - 427.8 nm)
Lower altitude aurora. Often appears at the bottom of green aurora curtains. More visible to cameras than the naked eye.
Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)
- → Common Name: Northern Lights
- → Scientific Name: Aurora Borealis (from "Aurora" - Roman goddess of dawn, "Borealis" - Greek for north wind)
- → Best Viewing: Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, Iceland, Northern Russia
- → Auroral Oval: Typically centered around 65-70°N magnetic latitude
Aurora Australis (Southern Lights)
- → Common Name: Southern Lights
- → Scientific Name: Aurora Australis (from "Aurora" - Roman goddess of dawn, "Australis" - Latin for southern)
- → Best Viewing: Antarctica, Southern Australia, New Zealand, Southern Argentina/Chile
- → Auroral Oval: Typically centered around 65-70°S magnetic latitude (mirror of northern oval)
How Aurora Works (Northern & Southern Hemispheres)
1. Solar Wind & Particles
The Sun continuously emits charged particles (electrons and protons) in the solar wind. During solar storms, these particles are accelerated toward Earth.
2. Earth's Magnetic Field
Earth's magnetic field (magnetosphere) funnels these particles toward the magnetic poles. The field lines converge at both the North and South magnetic poles, creating the auroral ovals.
3. Atmospheric Collisions
Charged particles collide with atoms and molecules in Earth's upper atmosphere (thermosphere and ionosphere). These collisions occur at altitudes between 80-600 km (50-373 miles).
4. Light Emission
When particles collide with oxygen atoms, they excite electrons. As electrons return to their ground state, they emit photons of light. Different elements and altitudes produce different colors:
- Oxygen at 200-300 km: Green light (557.7 nm) - most common
- Oxygen at 300-600 km: Red light (630.0 nm) - high altitude
- Nitrogen at 80-200 km: Blue/purple light (427.8 nm) - lower altitude
Key Point: Northern & Southern Hemispheres
The same solar wind particles create aurora in BOTH hemispheres simultaneously. When you see Aurora Borealis in Alaska, Aurora Australis is occurring at the same time in Antarctica. They are mirror images of each other, connected by Earth's magnetic field lines.
Scientific Classification & Research Terms
Auroral Oval
Ring-shaped region around each magnetic pole where aurora is most likely to occur. Expands during geomagnetic storms.
Auroral Substorm
Sudden brightening and movement of aurora. Caused by magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail.
Corona (Auroral)
Rare aurora formation where rays appear to converge directly overhead, creating a crown-like effect.
Proton Aurora
Aurora caused by protons rather than electrons. Typically appears as diffuse red or pink glow, often invisible to naked eye.
Discrete Aurora
Well-defined aurora with clear structures (curtains, rays, arcs). Most common type visible in Alaska.
Diffuse Aurora
Widespread, uniform aurora without distinct structures. Often appears as a faint glow covering large areas of sky.
The northern lights are always happening somewhere on our planet, but whether you can see them depends on two key factors: darkness and clear weather. During periods of low solar activity, aurora may only be visible at extreme northern latitudes and might appear quite dim. The main challenges for aurora watchers are daylight hours and cloudy conditions. In Fairbanks, Alaska, locals enjoy northern lights sightings on clear evenings for most of the year, with the best opportunities during the extended darkness of winter.
Prime northern lights viewing happens within the auroral zone, generally located between 60-70 degrees north latitude. Fairbanks, Alaska sits at 64.8°N, positioned right beneath the auroral oval - this makes it one of the world's top destinations for aurora watching. Other fantastic locations include Canada's northern territories, Greenland, Iceland, and the Scandinavian countries. Around Fairbanks specifically, spots such as Murphy Dome, Cleary Summit, and Chena Hot Springs provide excellent dark-sky viewing away from urban light pollution.
Optimal viewing typically happens during the darkest part of the night, usually from 10 PM to 2 AM. That said, northern lights can show up any time the sky is dark enough. In Alaska's winter season, darkness lasts much longer - beginning around 5 PM and continuing until roughly 8 AM the next morning, giving you many hours of potential viewing. While midnight tends to see peak activity, this changes based on current space weather. When geomagnetic storms are active, aurora can dance across the sky all night long.
Alaska's winter season, spanning September to March, offers ideal conditions because of the extended nighttime hours. The spring and fall equinoxes (March and September) frequently bring heightened aurora activity. While you can spot northern lights any time of year in Alaska - you just need sufficient darkness - the far north provides enough dark summer nights for viewing too. Still, the perfect combination of lengthy winter darkness and enhanced solar activity makes September through March the peak season for aurora enthusiasts.
Northern lights activity follows an 11-year pattern called the solar cycle. When the sun reaches solar maximum - the cycle's peak - it generates increased numbers of sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections, resulting in more frequent and powerful aurora shows. During solar minimum, aurora becomes less common but never completely stops. We're currently experiencing Solar Cycle 25, which is reaching its maximum around 2024-2025, creating exceptional viewing opportunities right now.
Fairbanks locals are no strangers to incredible northern lights shows and frequently stay up late capturing photos or simply enjoying the dynamic displays. Some people watch from their own backyards, but the most impressive views come from locations well away from urban light pollution. If you're visiting, choose an elevated spot with minimal light interference and an unobstructed view of the horizon - aurora can appear anywhere in the sky. In peak solar activity years, auroral substorms often begin south of Fairbanks. During quieter solar periods, they typically start to the north and peak around midnight.
Top viewing locations in the Fairbanks area:
- Chena Lakes Recreation Area
- Tanana Lakes Recreation Area, located just south of Fairbanks
- Cleary Summit
- Ester, Wickersham and Murphy Domes
- Haystack Mountain along the Elliot Highway
- Scenic pullouts on the Elliot, Steese and Parks Highways, plus Chena Hot Springs Road
- Nordale Road turnouts
- Ballaine Road pullout near the Goldstream Creek bridge
For detailed information about lodging, guided tours, and other resources, check out www.explorefairbanks.com.
View Fairbanks aurora guide → | Cleary Summit → | Murphy Dome →
Safety reminder: Alaska's harsh winter conditions can quickly turn minor issues into serious emergencies in remote locations. When heading out for aurora viewing in cold weather, ensure you have appropriate cold-weather gear, vehicle emergency supplies, and safety equipment.
Absolutely! Northern lights are visible from Anchorage and South Central Alaska, though you'll need more intense space weather activity compared to more northern locations. Anchorage sits at 61.2°N and generally requires Kp levels of 5 or above for consistent aurora sightings, while Fairbanks can show aurora even at Kp 0-1 when skies are clear.
Prime viewing spots near Anchorage:
- Hatcher Pass - Elevated location with excellent dark skies, approximately 1.5 hours drive north
- Eklutna Lake - Beautiful setting roughly 40 minutes northeast of the city
- Glen Alps/Flattop Mountain - Close to Anchorage, though be aware of urban light glow
- Turnagain Arm - Stunning coastal scenery with mountain views, about 30 minutes south
- Talkeetna - Two hours north, provides opportunities to see Denali alongside aurora
Successfully spotting aurora from Anchorage means timing your trip for active space weather (Kp 5+) and selecting spots with the least light interference. Use our Kp forecast charts and cloud coverage information to schedule your viewing. When powerful geomagnetic storms hit (Kp 6+), northern lights can sometimes be spotted even from within Anchorage city limits on clear evenings.
View Anchorage aurora guide → | South Central viewing guide →
Northern lights appear in numerous shapes and patterns, ranging from gentle arcs and bands to energetic, moving curtains. Popular forms you might see include:
- Arcs - Gentle, curved lines that span the horizon
- Bands - Undulating, ribbon-shaped formations
- Curtains - Vertical, drape-like structures that seem to move and sway
- Rays - Vertical columns of light
- Corona - When aurora appears directly above you, forming a crown or starburst pattern
- Pulsating aurora - Quick, rhythmic flashing or pulsing patterns
During active periods, the shape and brightness can shift dramatically in just minutes. It's common to see several different forms happening at the same time during strong displays.
People have reported hearing sounds during aurora displays for hundreds of years, but scientists still debate whether this is real. Some watchers claim to hear crackling, hissing, or rustling noises during particularly intense displays. If these sounds are genuine, they're likely caused by electrical discharges happening close to the ground, possibly connected to the same mechanisms that create the aurora itself. Most observers don't hear anything, and the phenomenon isn't fully explained. Any sounds that do occur are usually extremely quiet and could be psychological responses or caused by other nearby environmental factors.
Yes, forecasting is possible to a certain degree. Space weather scientists can predict aurora activity using specialized forecast models. Our 3-day forecast gives dependable predictions of geomagnetic activity (measured by the Kp index) broken down into 3-hour time blocks. The 27-day forecast provides extended outlooks based on the sun's rotation pattern, though it's less accurate than shorter-term forecasts. Watching real-time solar wind data (including speed, particle density, and magnetic field direction) helps anticipate immediate aurora activity. Keep in mind that local cloud conditions matter just as much - even perfect space weather won't help if clouds are blocking your view. Our dashboard provides current conditions and forecast tools to help you plan.
The northern lights (also called aurora borealis) and southern lights (aurora australis) are natural light shows created when electrically charged particles streaming from the sun strike atoms and molecules high in Earth's atmosphere. These impacts energize the atmospheric particles, which then release that energy as visible light. Think of it like a neon sign - electrical energy excites gas particles, making them glow.
The auroral oval is a donut-shaped area encircling Earth's magnetic poles where northern lights appear most often. This zone isn't stationary - it grows and shrinks depending on current space weather conditions. When geomagnetic activity is low (low Kp values), the oval stays compact and near the poles. When activity increases (high Kp), the oval expands and shifts toward lower latitudes, bringing aurora within view of more observers. Fairbanks is positioned right beneath this auroral zone, which explains why it's such a fantastic place for aurora watching.
Aurora colors depend on which atmospheric gases are being energized and how high up the collisions happen. Green - the color you'll see most often - is produced by oxygen atoms at lower elevations (100-300 km). Red aurora comes from oxygen at higher altitudes (300-400 km). Blue and purple hues come from nitrogen molecules. Pink and yellow are uncommon and happen when these gases mix. Colors and brightness can shift dramatically during active displays, sometimes changing in just seconds.
Northern lights typically form between 80 and 500 kilometers (50-310 miles) above the ground. The familiar green aurora you see most often happens around 100-300 km (60-185 miles) up. Red aurora forms higher, at approximately 300-400 km (185-250 miles). Blue and purple colors from nitrogen appear lower, around 80-100 km (50-60 miles). These heights are far above commercial airplanes (which cruise around 10-12 km) but below most satellites orbiting Earth.
Solar wind is a constant flow of electrically charged particles (protons and electrons) streaming outward from the sun's corona, or outer atmosphere. This particle stream moves through space at velocities between 300 and 800 kilometers per second. When these solar particles meet Earth's magnetic field, they can funnel down into the atmosphere near the poles, generating aurora displays. The solar wind's speed, particle density, and magnetic field direction (especially the Bz component) all influence aurora activity. The ideal conditions happen when Bz turns southward (negative) along with high particle density and fast speeds.
The Kp index measures geomagnetic disturbance on a scale from 0 to 9, showing how much Earth's magnetic field is being affected by solar wind. Here's what the numbers mean: Kp 0-2 indicates quiet conditions, Kp 3-4 means unsettled to active, Kp 5 signals a minor geomagnetic storm, Kp 6 indicates moderate storm activity, Kp 7 represents strong storms, and Kp 8-9 means severe to extreme storms. Higher Kp values mean aurora becomes visible at lower latitudes and appears more intense. Fairbanks can show aurora even at Kp 0-1 when skies are clear, while Anchorage usually needs Kp 5 or higher for consistent sightings.
Complete Kp index guide → | View current Kp index → | Historical Kp data →
Our dashboard shows live space weather information you can use right now. Keep an eye on the current Kp index reading, solar wind measurements (Bz direction, particle density, and speed), and overall geomagnetic activity levels. When Bz turns southward (negative) along with high particle density and elevated Kp values, you've got promising aurora conditions. Don't forget: clear weather is crucial - the best space weather in the world won't help if clouds are covering the sky. Check our cloud coverage information for your viewing location to help plan when to head outside.
Our 30-minute forecast maps use NOAA's OVATION model to show current and upcoming aurora activity. These maps refresh every half hour and show both the likelihood and energy levels of aurora for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The color coding tells you the intensity: dark green (0-1 ergs/cm²) means weak activity, green (1-4 ergs/cm²) indicates moderate activity, yellow (4 ergs/cm²) signals strong activity, while orange/red (>4 ergs/cm²) indicates very strong activity. This is your most up-to-the-minute forecast and helps you determine whether it's worth stepping outside right now.
The 3-day forecast displays predicted Kp index values broken into 3-hour time blocks. This is NOAA's most dependable forecast, refreshed every day at 22:05 UTC. Use it to schedule your aurora watching for the coming days. For Fairbanks, watch for times when Kp reaches 3 or higher. For South Central Alaska (including Anchorage), you'll want Kp 5 or above. This forecast helps you pick the optimal nights for late-night viewing or plan a dedicated aurora hunting trip.
The 27-day forecast gives you an extended outlook based on the sun's rotation pattern. Since the sun rotates about every 27 days, solar features that created aurora activity can come back around. While this forecast isn't as precise as the 3-day version, it can help you spot potential active periods several weeks ahead. NOAA updates it weekly every Monday at 15:00 UTC. It's useful for long-range planning, but make sure to check the 3-day forecast as your viewing date gets closer.
Explore Alaska's best aurora viewing locations on this interactive map. Click on markers to see current Kp index, HPI (Aurora Power Index), and viewing status for each location.
Low Activity (Kp < 3)
Moderate Activity (Kp 3-5)
High Activity (Kp ≥ 5)
Popular roadside pullout locations near Fairbanks for aurora viewing. These spots offer good northern horizon views and are easily accessible.
Cleary Summit
Elevated pullout on Steese Highway with excellent northern horizon views. Popular with photographers.
Distance: ~20 miles from Fairbanks
View on Google MapsMurphy Dome Road Pullout
Wide pullout area with minimal light pollution. Good for extended viewing sessions.
Distance: ~25 miles from Fairbanks
View on Google MapsChena Hot Springs Road Pullouts
Multiple pullout areas along the road to Chena Hot Springs. Less crowded than summit locations.
Distance: ~15-30 miles from Fairbanks
View on Google MapsGoldstream Road Pullout
Convenient location with good northern exposure. Popular with locals for quick aurora checks.
Distance: ~10 miles from Fairbanks
View on Google MapsBest pullout locations near Anchorage and the Mat-Su Valley. Note: Aurora visibility in South Central Alaska typically requires Kp 5+ for good viewing.
Hatcher Pass Overlook
Elevated pullout with panoramic northern views. Best during high Kp events (5+).
Distance: ~60 miles from Anchorage
View on Google MapsTurnagain Arm Pullouts
Multiple pullouts along Seward Highway with northern horizon views over water. Dramatic backdrop.
Distance: ~20-40 miles from Anchorage
View on Google MapsEklutna Lake Road Pullouts
Less light pollution than Anchorage. Good northern exposure with mountain backdrop.
Distance: ~25 miles from Anchorage
View on Google MapsPalmer Hay Flats State Game Refuge
Open area with minimal obstructions. Accessible pullouts along Knik-Goose Bay Road.
Distance: ~35 miles from Anchorage
View on Google MapsRemote pullout locations in Interior and Arctic Alaska. These areas offer some of the best aurora viewing conditions due to minimal light pollution and high latitude.
Denali Highway Pullouts
Multiple pullouts along the scenic Denali Highway. Excellent dark sky conditions with minimal light pollution.
Distance: ~120 miles from Fairbanks
View on Google MapsDalton Highway Pullouts
Remote pullouts along the Dalton Highway north of Fairbanks. Extreme dark sky conditions ideal for aurora photography.
Distance: ~70+ miles from Fairbanks
View on Google MapsSteese Highway Pullouts
Pullouts along Steese Highway heading northeast from Fairbanks. Good access to elevated viewing areas.
Distance: ~30-60 miles from Fairbanks
View on Google MapsArctic Circle Viewing Areas
Pullouts near the Arctic Circle sign and surrounding areas. Some of the darkest skies in Alaska.
Distance: ~200 miles from Fairbanks
View on Google MapsUse the accordion sections below to explore detailed guides on reading forecasts, photography, viewing tips, satellite data, and when to trust forecasts.
When to Trust Forecasts vs. When to Go Outside Anyway
⚠️ The Best Way to Miss the Aurora?
Relying solely on apps! Even if apps say "low activity" or Kp is 0-1, if you're in Fairbanks and skies are clear, go outside and look north.
✓ Go Outside When:
- You're in Fairbanks/North Alaska and skies are clear (even at Kp 0-1!)
- Kp is 2+ and cloud cover is low
- Bz is negative (southward) and density is high
- You have clear skies regardless of what apps say
- It's dark (after sunset, before sunrise)
✗ Don't Go When:
- Cloud cover is 100% (you won't see anything regardless of Kp)
- It's daytime or twilight (aurora needs darkness)
- You're in South Central Alaska and Kp is < 5 (unless you're very patient)
- Weather conditions are dangerous (safety first!)
Remember: Apps are tools, not guarantees. The aurora can appear when apps say it won't, and it can fail to appear when apps say it will. The best predictor is clear skies + your location + real-time satellite data.
Alaska Regional Forecast Reliability
Interior Alaska (Fairbanks, North Pole, Delta Junction)
Most Reliable Region: Located under the auroral oval, Interior Alaska sees aurora activity even at very low Kp values.
- Kp 0-1: Aurora visible 60-70% of clear nights (unique to this region!)
- Kp 2-3: Good viewing conditions, visible most clear nights
- Kp 4+: Excellent displays, often overhead with vibrant colors
- Best Months: September through March (longest dark hours)
- Forecast Accuracy: 3-day forecasts are reliable, but local weather is the limiting factor
North Slope (Utqiagvik/Barrow, Prudhoe Bay, Deadhorse)
Polar Cap Region: Even more reliable than Interior, but with extreme weather challenges.
- Kp 0-1: Aurora visible 80%+ of clear nights (best in Alaska!)
- Kp 2+: Almost guaranteed on clear nights
- Challenge: Extreme cold (-40°F to -60°F common), limited access, harsh conditions
- Best Months: October through February (24-hour darkness in December)
- Forecast Accuracy: Very reliable, but weather is the primary concern
South Central (Anchorage, Wasilla, Palmer, Girdwood)
Moderate Reliability: Requires higher Kp values, but more accessible and milder weather.
- Kp 0-3: Rarely visible, usually only on northern horizon if at all
- Kp 4: Possible on northern horizon, faint displays
- Kp 5+: Good viewing conditions, visible overhead
- Kp 6+: Excellent displays, often visible even with light pollution
- Best Locations: Hatcher Pass, Turnagain Arm, Eagle River, away from city lights
- Forecast Accuracy: 3-day forecasts are essential - don't go out unless Kp 5+ is predicted
Southeast Alaska (Juneau, Ketchikan, Sitka)
Least Reliable Region: Cloudy weather and southern latitude make viewing challenging.
- Kp 5-6: May be visible on northern horizon during clear weather
- Kp 7+: Good chance of visible aurora if skies are clear
- Challenge: Frequent cloud cover, high precipitation, limited clear nights
- Best Strategy: Monitor forecasts closely and be ready to go when Kp 7+ coincides with clear skies
- Forecast Accuracy: High Kp forecasts are reliable, but weather is the main obstacle
Alaska-Specific Forecast Tips
- → Interior & North Slope: Trust clear skies more than Kp forecasts - if it's clear and dark, go outside!
- → South Central: Only trust forecasts for Kp 5+ - lower values rarely produce visible aurora
- → Southeast: Wait for Kp 7+ forecasts and clear weather windows - patience is key
- → All Regions: Check local weather forecasts (cloud cover) more frequently than Kp forecasts
- → Winter Months: Longer nights = more viewing opportunities, but also colder temperatures
- → Spring/Fall: Shorter nights but milder weather - balance viewing time with comfort
How to Read Aurora Forecast Maps
Understanding NOAA's aurora prediction displays
Understanding the Circular View
NOAA's aurora forecast maps show a top-down view of Earth from the North Pole. The circular display represents the Northern Hemisphere, with Alaska positioned in the upper portion of the circle. This bird's-eye perspective helps you understand where aurora activity will be strongest across different regions.
Time Slices - The "Pie" Sections
The forecast map is divided into wedge-shaped sections (like pie slices), each representing a 4-hour time window. These time slices help predict when aurora activity will be strongest in different regions:
- Each slice = 4 hours of forecast data
- Brighter green areas = higher aurora probability
- The forecast updates every 30 minutes
Color Scale Explained
Dark Green
0-1 ergs/cm²
weak activity
Green
1-4 ergs/cm²
moderate activity
Yellow
4 ergs/cm²
strong activity
Orange/Red
>4 ergs/cm²
very strong activity
The color intensity on the forecast maps indicates energy deposition in ergs per square centimeter (ergs/cm²). Higher energy deposition indicates stronger aurora activity.
Key Numbers Explained
Forecast Lead Time
How far ahead the prediction extends (typically 30-90 minutes)
HPI (Hemispheric Power Index)
Total aurora energy in gigawatts (GW). Higher = more intense aurora.
Range
Shows the variability in the prediction
The OVATION Aurora Model
Understanding the science behind NOAA's aurora forecast maps
The OVATION (Oval Variation, Assessment, Tracking, Intensity, and Online Nowcasting) model is an empirical model of the intensity of the aurora developed at the Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory by Patrick Newell and co-workers1.
How It Works
The model uses the solar wind velocity and interplanetary magnetic field measured at the L1 orbit position at 1.6 million km (1 million miles) upstream from Earth as input and calculates three types of electron precipitation and the proton precipitation which strongly correlate with the aurora.
An estimate of aurora viewing probability can be derived by assuming a linear relationship to the intensity of the aurora. This relationship was validated by comparison with data from the Ultraviolet imager (UVI) instrument on the NASA Polar satellite2.
Data Availability & Forecast Lead Time
On occasion, the input solar wind data are either contaminated or unavailable. In those instances, an alternative estimate of the solar wind forcing, based on the current Kp geomagnetic index is used to drive the OVATION model.
When this occurs, there is no forecast lead time.
Scientific References
1. Newell, P. T., T. Sotirelis, and S. Wing (2009), Diffuse, monoenergetic, and broadband aurora: The global precipitation budget, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A09207, doi:10.1029/2009JA014326
2. Machol, J. L., Green., J. C., Redmon, R. J., Viereck, R. A., Newell, P. T., (2012), Evaluation of OVATION Prime as a forecast model for visible aurorae, Space Weather, 10, 3, doi.org/10.1029/2011SW000746
For more information on the OVATION model and aurora products, visit NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center.
About Aurora Forecasting
Kp Index
Measures geomagnetic activity on a scale of 0-9. Higher values indicate stronger aurora activity. Kp 5+ means good viewing opportunities in Alaska.
Bt (Total Field)
The total strength of the interplanetary magnetic field in nanoteslas. Stronger fields can trigger more intense aurora.
Bz (North/South)
Negative Bz values enhance aurora activity by allowing solar wind to interact with Earth's magnetic field. Bz of -10 nT or lower is ideal!
Reading Forecasts for Alaska: Real-World Examples
Example 1: Fairbanks, Interior Alaska
Forecast Shows: Kp 2, HPI 15 GW, Bz -3 nT, Clear skies predicted
What This Means: Even though Kp is low, you're in Interior Alaska with clear skies. The negative Bz and moderate HPI suggest some activity.
Action: Go outside and look north! In Fairbanks, Kp 2 with clear skies often produces visible aurora, especially with negative Bz. You might see faint green bands on the northern horizon or even overhead displays.
Example 2: Anchorage, South Central Alaska
Forecast Shows: Kp 4, HPI 25 GW, Bz -2 nT, Partly cloudy
What This Means: Kp 4 is borderline for South Central. The HPI is moderate, and Bz is slightly negative but not strongly so.
Action: Maybe, but not ideal. If you're patient and have a clear view to the north, you might see faint aurora on the horizon. However, Kp 5+ would be more reliable. Consider waiting for a better forecast or driving to a darker location away from city lights.
Example 3: Anchorage, South Central Alaska (Better Conditions)
Forecast Shows: Kp 6, HPI 60 GW, Bz -8 nT, Clear skies, High density (8 particles/cm³)
What This Means: Excellent conditions! High Kp, strong negative Bz, high HPI, and high particle density all indicate strong aurora activity.
Action: Definitely go out! This is a great forecast for South Central. You should see aurora overhead with vibrant colors. Head to Hatcher Pass, Turnagain Arm, or another dark location away from Anchorage's light pollution. Expect to see green, possibly red, and potentially even purple aurora dancing overhead.
Example 4: Utqiagvik (Barrow), North Slope
Forecast Shows: Kp 1, HPI 10 GW, Bz +2 nT, Clear skies, -35°F
What This Means: Very low Kp and positive Bz (not favorable), but you're in the polar cap region where aurora is almost always present.
Action: Go out if you can handle the cold! Even with low Kp and positive Bz, North Slope locations see aurora on most clear nights. You'll likely see faint green bands. The main challenge is the extreme cold - dress appropriately and don't stay out too long.
Alaska Forecast Reading Checklist
✓ Check These First:
- Your location (Interior, North Slope, South Central, or Southeast)
- Local weather forecast (cloud cover %)
- Time of night (after sunset, before sunrise)
- Moon phase (new moon = best)
✓ Then Check Space Weather:
- Kp Index (location-dependent threshold)
- Bz value (negative is better)
- HPI (higher = more intense)
- Particle density (higher = better)
Remember: In Interior and North Slope Alaska, clear skies often trump low Kp values. In South Central and Southeast, you need both high Kp AND clear skies for reliable viewing.
How to Photograph the Northern Lights
Essential camera settings and equipment for aurora photography
For Bright Aurora (Kp 5+)
- ISO:800-1600
- Aperture:f/2.8-f/4
- Shutter:5-15 seconds
- Focus:Manual (∞)
For Faint Aurora (Kp 0-4)
- ISO:3200-6400
- Aperture:f/1.4-f/2.8
- Shutter:15-25 seconds
- Focus:Manual (∞)
Essential Equipment
Sturdy Tripod
Prevents camera shake during long exposures
Wide-Angle Lens (14-24mm)
Captures more of the sky and aurora displays
Fast Lens (f/2.8 or faster)
Allows more light for shorter exposures
Remote Shutter Release
Eliminates camera shake from pressing the button
Extra Batteries
Cold temperatures drain batteries 2-3x faster
Headlamp with Red Light
Preserves night vision and doesn't interfere with others' photos
Pro Tips
→ Shoot in RAW format for maximum editing flexibility
→ Include foreground elements (trees, mountains) for composition
→ Use manual focus and set to infinity (test before it gets dark)
→ Turn off image stabilization when using a tripod
→ Take test shots and adjust settings as aurora intensity changes
→ Keep camera and batteries warm in your jacket between shots
Best Alaska Photography Locations by Region
Interior Alaska (Fairbanks Area)
- Murphy Dome: Highest point near Fairbanks, 360° views, accessible year-round. Best for wide-angle shots with mountain ranges in background.
- Cleary Summit: Popular spot 20 miles from Fairbanks, good parking, minimal light pollution. Great for beginners.
- Chena Hot Springs: Unique foreground with hot springs, ice sculptures in winter. Requires admission fee but offers unique compositions.
- Ester Dome: Less crowded, good for avoiding other photographers' lights. Steeper road, 4WD recommended in winter.
- Pioneer Park: Urban location with interesting foreground elements (train, historic buildings). Some light pollution but convenient.
South Central Alaska (Anchorage Area)
- Hatcher Pass: Mountain pass with stunning alpine scenery. Requires Kp 5+ but offers incredible mountain foregrounds. Road may be closed in winter.
- Turnagain Arm: Water reflections, mountain backdrop. Accessible year-round, but watch for tides. Best during high Kp events.
- Eagle River Nature Center: Forest and river compositions, less light pollution than Anchorage. Good for intimate shots.
- Glen Alps/Flattop: High elevation with city lights below. Requires hiking, but offers unique perspective of aurora over Anchorage.
- Knik River: Wide open spaces, minimal light pollution. Good for wide-angle shots with mountains in distance.
North Slope (Utqiagvik/Barrow Area)
- Point Barrow: Northernmost point in U.S., arctic ocean foreground. Extreme cold but best aurora reliability. Requires proper cold weather gear.
- Prudhoe Bay/Deadhorse: Industrial foregrounds (oil facilities) create unique compositions. Access requires planning and permits.
- Tundra Areas: Wide open spaces, minimal obstructions. Best for capturing full auroral displays. Watch for polar bears!
Seasonal Photography Considerations in Alaska
September - October (Fall)
- ✓ Milder temperatures (-10°F to 20°F)
- ✓ Longer nights (8-12 hours of darkness)
- ✓ Fall colors in foregrounds
- ✓ Lakes/rivers not yet frozen
- ⚠️ More cloud cover than winter
- ⚠️ Mosquitoes may still be active
November - January (Deep Winter)
- ✓ Longest nights (14-18 hours darkness)
- ✓ Clearest skies (coldest = driest air)
- ✓ Snow provides natural reflector
- ✓ Frozen lakes for unique compositions
- ⚠️ Extreme cold (-20°F to -40°F common)
- ⚠️ Battery life severely reduced
- ⚠️ Equipment can freeze/fog
February - March (Late Winter)
- ✓ Still long nights (10-14 hours)
- ✓ Warmer than mid-winter
- ✓ Good snow conditions
- ✓ Less extreme cold
- ⚠️ More variable weather
- ⚠️ Spring breakup begins in March
April - August (Spring/Summer)
- ⚠️ Very short or no dark hours
- ⚠️ Aurora season essentially over
- ✓ Warmer weather for other photography
- ⚠️ Not recommended for aurora photography
Alaska-Specific Photography Gear Tips
- → Battery Management: Keep 3-4 extra batteries. Cold drains them 2-3x faster. Store in inner pockets, rotate them.
- → Lens Condensation: Keep camera in bag when moving from warm to cold. Use lens hoods to prevent fogging.
- → Tripod Stability: Use tripod with spiked feet or attach to stable surface. Wind can be strong on exposed locations.
- → Remote Shutter: Essential to avoid camera shake. Consider intervalometer for time-lapse sequences.
- → Hand Warmers: Attach to camera body (not lens) to prevent freezing. Wrap camera in insulating material between shots.
- → Memory Cards: Bring multiple high-capacity cards. RAW files are large, and you'll take many test shots.
- → Lens Cleaning: Bring microfiber cloths and lens cleaning solution. Snow, frost, and condensation are constant issues.
Alaska Aurora Viewing Tips
Essential etiquette, safety, and practical advice for Northern Lights viewing in Alaska
Viewing Etiquette
- Use red lights only - white lights destroy night vision for everyone
- Turn off vehicle headlights when parked at viewing locations
- Keep voices low - respect others' peaceful viewing experience
- Don't shine lights on other photographers' cameras
- Stay on designated paths and respect private property
- Pack out all trash - leave no trace
Best Locations
- Fairbanks & Interior: Murphy Dome, Cleary Summit, Chena Hot Springs - accessible and reliable
- North Slope: Utqiagvik (Barrow), Prudhoe Bay - best for low Kp viewing
- South Central: Need Kp 5+ - Talkeetna, Hatcher Pass, Turnagain Arm
- Get away from city lights - even 10-15 miles makes a huge difference
- Elevated locations provide better horizon views
- Check cloud forecasts before heading out
Cold Weather Safety
- Dress in layers - base layer, insulation, windproof outer shell
- Wear insulated boots rated for -20°F or colder
- Bring hand warmers and foot warmers
- Keep extra clothing in your vehicle
- Stay hydrated - cold air is very dry
- Watch for signs of frostbite (numbness, white/pale skin)
- Never go alone - always have a buddy
- Tell someone where you're going and when you'll return
Timing & When to Watch
- Best months: September through March (longest nights)
- Prime hours: 10 PM - 2 AM Alaska Time
- Aurora can appear anytime it's dark - don't limit yourself to "peak" hours
- Check moon phase - new moon = darkest skies = best viewing
- Full moon can wash out faint aurora but provides beautiful foreground lighting
- Solar maximum years (2024-2026) = more frequent and intense displays
Alaska-Specific Pro Tips
- In Fairbanks, aurora can be visible even at Kp 0-1 with clear skies!
- South Central Alaska (Anchorage area) typically needs Kp 5+ for reliable viewing
- Check road conditions - many viewing spots require 4WD in winter
- Carry emergency supplies: blankets, food, water, first aid kit
- Be aware of moose and other wildlife - especially at dawn/dusk
- Many locations have no cell service - plan accordingly
- Join local aurora Facebook groups for real-time sightings and conditions
Alaska Road & Access Information
Interior Alaska (Fairbanks Area)
- Murphy Dome: Steep gravel road, 4WD recommended in winter, plowed regularly
- Cleary Summit: Paved road, accessible year-round, good parking
- Chena Hot Springs Road: Paved, well-maintained, 60 miles from Fairbanks
- Ester Dome: Steep, may require 4WD in icy conditions
South Central Alaska (Anchorage Area)
- Hatcher Pass: May be closed in winter, check road conditions. 4WD required when open.
- Turnagain Arm: Highway accessible, pullouts available, watch for wildlife
- Eagle River Nature Center: Paved access, parking available, trails may be icy
- Glen Alps: Paved road, may be closed in severe weather, requires hiking
North Slope (Utqiagvik/Prudhoe Bay)
- Access: Commercial flights only, no road access
- Permits: Some areas require permits or guided tours
- Safety: Polar bear country - never go alone, carry bear protection
- Extreme Conditions: -40°F to -60°F common, specialized gear required
Alaska Cultural & Community Resources
Local Aurora Groups: Join Facebook groups like "Fairbanks Aurora Chasers," "Anchorage Aurora Watchers," or regional groups for real-time sightings, road conditions, and local knowledge.
Respect Native Lands: Many viewing locations are on or near Native lands. Respect private property, follow posted rules, and consider supporting local Native-owned tour operators.
Tour Operators: Consider guided tours for first-time visitors - they know the best spots, handle logistics, and provide safety support. Many offer photography-focused tours.
Local Knowledge: Talk to locals! Alaskans are friendly and often share tips about current conditions, best spots, and safety considerations.
Aurora Forecasts: Check multiple sources - this site, NOAA, SpaceWeatherLive, and local weather services. Compare forecasts and trust local weather more than distant Kp predictions.
How to Read Satellite Data (Tutorial)
Understanding real-time space weather data from satellites
Bz (North-South Component)
Most Important for Aurora! This is the north-south orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field.
- Negative Bz (Southward) = Good! Allows solar wind energy to enter Earth's magnetosphere
- Positive Bz (Northward) = Less favorable. Energy is deflected away
- Bz < -5 nT = Very favorable conditions
- For best aurora, you want sustained negative Bz combined with high Kp
Bt (Total Magnetic Field Strength)
The total strength of the interplanetary magnetic field.
- Higher Bt (10+ nT) = More energy available for aurora
- Combined with negative Bz = Strong aurora potential
- Typical range: 3-10 nT, but can spike much higher during storms
Density (Particles per cm³)
Number of solar wind particles hitting Earth.
- High density (5+ particles/cm³) = More material for aurora
- Combined with negative Bz = Enhanced aurora activity
- Typical: 1-5 particles/cm³, but can reach 20+ during events
Speed (km/s)
How fast the solar wind is traveling.
- Higher speed (500+ km/s) = More energy
- Fast solar wind from coronal holes can enhance aurora
- Typical: 300-400 km/s, but can exceed 800 km/s during storms
Best Conditions for Aurora:
Bz < -5 nT + High Density (5+ particles/cm³) + High Speed (500+ km/s) + Kp ≥ 5 = Excellent Aurora Conditions!
Learn more and see real-time data at SpaceWeatherLive.com
Interpreting Satellite Data for Alaska Locations
Interior & North Slope Alaska
Location Advantage: Under the auroral oval, these regions can see aurora even with less-than-ideal satellite data.
- Bz -3 to -5 nT: Good conditions, expect visible aurora on clear nights
- Bz < -5 nT: Excellent conditions, expect vibrant displays overhead
- Even with positive Bz: Aurora may still be visible due to location advantage
- Density 3+ particles/cm³: Sufficient for good displays in these regions
- Speed 400+ km/s: Adequate, higher speeds enhance but not required
South Central Alaska
Stricter Requirements: Need stronger conditions due to southern latitude.
- Bz < -5 nT: Essential for reliable viewing
- Bz < -8 nT: Ideal for strong overhead displays
- Density 5+ particles/cm³: Recommended for good visibility
- Speed 500+ km/s: Helps ensure aurora reaches this latitude
- Bt 10+ nT: Indicates strong magnetic field, better for South Central
- All conditions together: Best chance for spectacular displays
Southeast Alaska
Most Challenging: Requires strongest conditions and clear weather.
- Bz < -8 nT: Strongly negative required
- Density 8+ particles/cm³: High density essential
- Speed 600+ km/s: Fast solar wind helps
- Bt 15+ nT: Strong magnetic field needed
- Kp 7+: High geomagnetic activity required
- Clear skies: Most important factor - frequent cloud cover is the main obstacle
Real-Time Monitoring Strategy for Alaska
1. Check Satellite Data First: Look at Bz, density, and speed on this dashboard. If Bz is strongly negative (-5 nT or lower) and density is high, conditions are favorable.
2. Check Kp Index: Verify Kp matches your location's threshold (Interior: 0-1+, South Central: 5+, Southeast: 7+).
3. Check Local Weather: Cloud cover is often the limiting factor. Clear skies are essential regardless of space weather conditions.
4. Monitor Trends: Watch if Bz is trending more negative or if density is increasing. Improving conditions may mean aurora is strengthening.
5. Set Alerts: Use this site's alert system to notify you when conditions reach your threshold.
Pro Tip: In Interior Alaska, if Bz is negative (even slightly) and skies are clear, go outside regardless of other numbers. Your location advantage often overrides less-than-perfect satellite data.
Northern Alaska Tour Company
Fairbanks-based tours to Coldfoot and Prudhoe Bay
Location:
Fairbanks
Tours:
Multi-day
Best for:
Arctic Circle
Aurora Tours Alaska
Specialized aurora photography and viewing tours
Location:
Fairbanks
Tours:
Photography
Best for:
Photographers
Explore Fairbanks
Official Fairbanks visitor guide with tour listings
Location:
Fairbanks
Tours:
Multiple
Best for:
Tour directory
Alaska Wildlife Guide
Aurora viewing combined with wildlife experiences
Location:
Anchorage/Fairbanks
Tours:
Combined
Best for:
Wildlife + Aurora
Guided photography tours for glaciers, wildlife, and landscapes
Location:
Anchorage
Tours:
Photography
Best for:
All skill levels
Short excursions highlighting scenic spots and wildlife
Location:
Anchorage
Tours:
2-3.5 hours
Best for:
Scenic views
Private tours showcasing breathtaking Alaskan scenery
Location:
Anchorage
Tours:
Private
Best for:
Custom pace
Winter photo tours focusing on frozen landscapes and aurora
Location:
Anchorage
Tours:
Winter
Best for:
Aurora photography
Photo excursions exploring Denali's landscapes
Location:
Anchorage/Denali
Tours:
Photography
Best for:
Professional tips
Multi-day photo tours focusing on wildlife and landscape photography
Location:
Soldotna/Kenai
Tours:
Multi-day
Best for:
Bear viewing
Multi-day expeditions focusing on bear viewing and photography
Location:
Kodiak
Tours:
Multi-day
Best for:
Bear photography
Small group tours focusing on wildlife and nature photography
Location:
Haines/Skagway
Tours:
Small group
Best for:
Wildlife photography
Comprehensive Alaska tours including aurora viewing
Location:
Statewide
Tours:
Multi-day
Best for:
Full packages
Iconic hot springs resort with aurora viewing tours
Location:
60 mi NE Fairbanks
Features:
Hot Springs
Best for:
Iconic experience
Luxury igloos with glass ceilings for aurora viewing
Location:
25 mi N Fairbanks
Features:
Glass Igloos
Best for:
Luxury viewing
Mountain lodge with excellent aurora viewing
Location:
Fairbanks area
Features:
Mountain View
Best for:
Mountain views
Remote Arctic Circle location for aurora viewing
Location:
Arctic Circle
Features:
Remote
Best for:
Arctic Circle
Private log cabins at Hatcher Pass entrance
Location:
Hatcher Pass
Features:
Mountain Access
Best for:
Alpine adventures
Luxury log home on 8 acres with wildlife
Location:
Palmer area
Features:
Forest Setting
Best for:
Nature retreat
Cabins near Matanuska Glacier with mountain views
Location:
Near Matanuska Glacier
Features:
Glacier Access
Best for:
Glacier viewing
B&B with views of Knik Arm and Chugach Mountains
Location:
South of Wasilla
Features:
Mountain Views
Best for:
Scenic views
B&B between Palmer and Wasilla with glacier views
Location:
Palmer/Wasilla
Features:
Fireplace, Jacuzzi
Best for:
Comfort & views
Premier resort with luxury accommodations and mountain access
Location:
Girdwood
Features:
Ski Resort
Best for:
Luxury experience
Charming B&B near Mount Alyeska base
Location:
Girdwood
Features:
B&B
Best for:
Cozy stay
Luxury remote lodge near Denali summit, helicopter access
Location:
Near Denali
Features:
Helicopter Access
Best for:
Exclusive experience
University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute
Updates:
Daily
Type:
Forecast
Best for:
Alaska-specific
Official NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
Updates:
Real-time
Type:
Official
Best for:
Official data
NOAA Aurora Dashboard
NOAA experimental aurora forecast dashboard
Updates:
30 min
Type:
Forecast
Best for:
Official forecasts
Real-time space weather monitoring and forecasts
Updates:
Real-time
Type:
Data Updated
Best for:
Global monitoring
Aurora alerts and notifications service
Updates:
Real-time
Type:
Alerts
Best for:
Push notifications
My Aurora Forecast
Mobile app for aurora forecasts and alerts
Updates:
Real-time
Type:
Mobile App
Best for:
On-the-go
Aurora Watch UK
Lancaster University aurora monitoring
Updates:
Real-time
Type:
Research
Best for:
Scientific data
Space Weather App
Comprehensive space weather mobile app
Updates:
Real-time
Type:
Mobile App
Best for:
All-in-one
Aurora Service
European aurora forecast and alerts
Updates:
Real-time
Type:
Forecast
Best for:
European data
All real-time space weather data is sourced from the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC)
Data updates every 60 seconds. This site uses the NOAA SWPC JSON API endpoint (services.swpc.noaa.gov/json/) and Products API (services.swpc.noaa.gov/products/) to fetch real-time space weather data.
Reference: NOAA SWPC Data Access
Base URL: https://services.swpc.noaa.gov/json/
Planetary K-Index (1-minute data)
planetary_k_index_1m.json
Real-time 1-minute resolution Kp index data for current conditions monitoring
Used for: Real-time space weather conditions, current Kp display
View JSON →Real-Time Solar Wind - Magnetic Field
rtsw/rtsw_mag_1m.json
Interplanetary magnetic field (Bt, Bz) measurements
Used for: Interplanetary Magnetic Field Charts (Bt, Bz), Solar Wind Conditions
View JSON →Real-Time Solar Wind - Wind
rtsw/rtsw_wind_1m.json
Solar wind density and speed measurements
Used for: Solar Wind Density Chart, Solar Wind Speed
View JSON →F10.7 cm Radio Flux
f107_cm_flux.json
10.7 cm solar radio flux measurements
Used for: Solar Flux display, Solar Cycle Status
View JSON →OVATION Aurora Model
ovation_aurora_latest.json
Aurora probability and energy deposition forecasts
Used for: OVATION Alaska Aurora Data, Aurora Probability Maps
View JSON →Geospace DST Index (1-hour)
geospace/geospace_dst_1_hour.json
Disturbance Storm Time (DST) index for geomagnetic activity
Used for: DST Index Chart, Historical Data
View JSON →Solar Flare Probabilities
solar_probabilities.json
Probability forecasts for X-ray flares (M-class and X-class)
Used for: Solar Flare Probabilities section
View JSON →Predicted F10.7 cm Flux
predicted_f107cm_flux.json
Forecasted 10.7 cm radio flux values
Used for: Solar Flux Forecast Chart
View JSON →Base URL: https://services.swpc.noaa.gov/products/
Space Weather Alerts
alerts.json
Active space weather watches, warnings, and alerts
Used for: Space Weather Alerts display, Active Alerts modal
View JSON →NOAA Space Weather Scales
noaa-scales.json
Current G-scale (geomagnetic), R-scale (radio blackout), and S-scale (solar radiation) values
Used for: NOAA Scales display (Radio Blackouts, Solar Radiation, Geomagnetic Storms)
View JSON →Planetary K-Index Forecast
noaa-planetary-k-index-forecast.json
3-day Kp index forecast values
Used for: 3-Day Forecast section, Kp Forecast display
View JSON →Planetary K-Index (3-hour data)
noaa-planetary-k-index.json
Historical 3-hour Kp index values for charting and historical analysis
Used for: Kp Index Historical Bar Chart, Kp Index Breakdown Table
View JSON →10.7 cm Flux (30-day)
10cm-flux-30-day.json
30-day historical 10.7 cm radio flux data
Used for: 30-Day Flux historical data, Solar Cycle analysis
View JSON →Base URL: https://services.swpc.noaa.gov/images/
Aurora Forecast Maps
30-minute aurora probability forecasts for Northern and Southern Hemispheres
DRAP Geomagnetic Map
drap_f05_n-pole.png →
Dynamic Radiation Atmosphere Propagation model visualization
Kp Index Range Maps
Aurora visibility maps at different Kp index levels (Kp=3, 5, 7, 9)
Source: NOAA SWPC Image Archive
Experimental Aurora Forecasts
Tonight's and tomorrow night's aurora viewline forecasts
- UAF Geophysical Institute - University of Alaska Fairbanks aurora forecast and monitoring
- NOAA Aurora Dashboard - Official NOAA experimental aurora dashboard
- NOAA Data Access - Complete list of NOAA space weather data services and API documentation
- NOAA JSON API Directory - Browse all available JSON endpoints
Northern Lights Alaska (NLAK) - Your comprehensive real-time aurora activity monitor for Alaska. Track live aurora forecasts, geomagnetic activity (Kp index), solar wind conditions, and space weather data from NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center. Get accurate aurora viewing predictions for Fairbanks, Anchorage, and all of Alaska with our advanced monitoring tools, 3-day forecasts, historical data comparisons, and expert viewing guides.
Monitor aurora borealis activity in real-time with live updates every 60 seconds. Our platform provides detailed information about aurora colors (red, orange, yellow, green), viewing conditions, HPI (Hemispheric Power Index) guidelines, moon phase impacts, and Alaska-specific viewing tips. Access NOAA's OVATION Aurora Model maps, DRAP geomagnetic forecasts, solar flare probabilities, and comprehensive space weather data to plan your perfect aurora viewing experience in Alaska.
Whether you're in South Central Alaska (Anchorage, Mat-Su, Kenai Peninsula) or Far North Alaska (Fairbanks, Interior, Arctic), our site provides location-specific aurora viewing recommendations based on real-time geomagnetic activity, solar wind conditions, and atmospheric data. Learn about aurora science, historical events, photography techniques, and essential gear for successful aurora hunting in Alaska's unique viewing conditions.
Northern Lights Alaska is a comprehensive real-time aurora activity monitoring platform designed specifically for Alaska residents and visitors. Launched in December 2025, the application provides live space weather data, aurora forecasts, and viewing recommendations to help you plan the perfect aurora viewing experience. The platform integrates data from NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center to deliver accurate, up-to-date information about geomagnetic activity, solar wind conditions, and aurora probability across Alaska.
What's New in Version 1.0.1
UI Improvements
- • Improved stat card layouts with better visual hierarchy
- • JSON data links repositioned as tab-style labels
- • Enhanced accessibility with better contrast and spacing
- • Optimized navigation pills for quick access
Data & Features
- • Forecast legend expanded with active space weather alerts
- • Fixed Planetary K Index chart data source
- • Real-time monitoring with 60-second data updates
- • Comprehensive space weather information in one location
Navigation & Links
- • Optimized forecast and data links for better navigation
- • Quick access pills: v101, 30 min, 3 day, 27 day forecasts
- • Enhanced user interaction with smooth scrolling
- • Improved link organization and visual hierarchy
Platform Features
- • Real-time aurora monitoring across Alaska
- • 30-minute, 3-day, and 27-day forecast views
- • Interactive Alaska map with viewing locations
- • Location-specific viewing recommendations
Version 1.0.1 continues to provide the most current space weather information for planning your aurora viewing experience in Alaska. All data is sourced directly from NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center and updated every 60 seconds.
Site Navigation
Dashboard
Real-Time Aurora Activity MonitorCurrent Conditions
Active Space Weather Alerts Current Space Weather Conditions Solar Wind & Magnetic Field MonitorHistorical Data
Historical Kp DataInteractive Tools
Interactive Alaska Aurora Viewing Map
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Astronomy-safe dim (20% or less) Recommended for preserving night vision (20-50%) Normal Field Mode (50-100%)
Images will be displayed in full color Images will have a red tint overlay Images will be displayed in black & white