13-OBSERVATORY
NETWORK
GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORIES FOR KP INDEX

VIEW MAP KP INDEX EXPLAINED DASHBOARD

The Kp Index Network

The Kp Index is calculated using data from 13 geomagnetic observatories strategically located around the world. These observatories are positioned between 44° and 60° geomagnetic latitude in both hemispheres, providing comprehensive coverage of global geomagnetic activity.

Each observatory measures local K-index values (0-9 scale) every 3 hours. These individual measurements are then mathematically combined and normalized to produce the planetary Kp Index, ensuring consistent global representation regardless of local variations.

How It Works

  • Local Measurements: Each observatory records local K-index values every 3 hours using magnetometers that measure Earth's magnetic field variations.
  • Global Standardization: Local K-index values are normalized to account for each observatory's geomagnetic latitude, ensuring fair representation across the network.
  • Planetary Kp Index: The normalized values are averaged to create the planetary Kp Index, providing a single global measure of geomagnetic activity.
  • Real-Time Updates: The Kp Index is updated every 3 hours, providing near real-time monitoring of geomagnetic conditions that affect aurora visibility.

Observatory Locations

Click on any marker to learn more about each observatory. The network spans both hemispheres, providing comprehensive global coverage of geomagnetic activity.

The 13 Observatories

Why These Locations Matter

Strategic Positioning

The observatories are positioned between 44° and 60° geomagnetic latitude, which corresponds to the auroral oval region. This positioning ensures accurate measurement of geomagnetic activity that directly affects aurora visibility.

Global Coverage

With observatories in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the network captures geomagnetic activity from all longitudes, providing a truly planetary perspective on space weather.

Historical Data

Many of these observatories have been operating since the 1930s, providing decades of continuous data that help scientists understand long-term patterns in geomagnetic activity and solar cycles.

Real-Time Monitoring

The 3-hour update cycle ensures that aurora forecasts remain current, allowing viewers to make informed decisions about when and where to observe the Northern Lights.